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Young's Modulus of Soil
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The modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus of a soil is an elastic soil parameter most
commonly used in the estimation of settlement from static loads.
Young's soil modulus, Es, may be estimated from empirical correlations,
laboratory test results on undisturbed specimens and results of field tests. Laboratory tests
that may be used to estimate the soil modulus are the triaxial unconsolidated undrained
compression or the triaxial consolidated undrained compression tests. Field tests include
the plate load test, cone penetration test, standard penetration test (SPT) and the pressuremeter
test. Empirical correlations summarized from USACE EM 1110-1-1904 is presented below:
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Es = KcCu
where: Es = Young's soil modulus (tsf)
Kc = correlation factor
Cu = undrained shear strength, tsf
Typical Elastic Moduli of soils based on soil type and consistency/ density, (from USACE,
Settlement Analysis).
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Soil
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Es (tsf) |
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very soft clay
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5 - 50
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soft clay
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50 - 200
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medium clay
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200 - 500
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stiff clay, silty clay
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500 - 1000
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sandy clay
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250 - 2000
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clay shale
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1000 - 2000
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loose sand
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100 - 250
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dense sand
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250 - 1000
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dense sand and gravel
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1000 - 2000
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silty sand
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250 - 2000
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Other soil and soil related properties are listed below:
Angle of Internal Friction
Bearing Capacity Factors
Cohesion
External Friction Angle
Factor of Safety
Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficients
Modulus of Vertical Subgrade Reaction
Soil Unit Weights
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